Sapphire

Sapphire is an aluminum oxide (Al2o3) classifies gems very rare and beautiful and precious, and is due naming Sapphire to the Latin word (Rubrum) and means red color, and it is also called red anthrax (Ember), and word sapphire is called the metal Alchorndom (Corundum) with the red color of pure free from defects and impurities and Ojodh transparent looks like a blood bath color (Pigeon blood), has acquired its color to enter the very small amounts of chromium element in chemical composition, and follows the sapphire crystal system triple (Trigonal), and a density of 4 g / cm 3, and the coefficient of break it ranges from 1.760 to 1.769 and of hardness 9 by the relative hardness of the Moho scale on The Field of the most important producing countries bloody Sapphire, which is considered one of the best types of rubies and rarely this kind of sapphire exists sizes more than three carats and there are other type of colored stones Sapphire crimson red, but less transparent and when cutting this kind manner Kabshon Cabochon shows the hexagonal shape of a star, and this is the stone of sapphire stones are very rare and all come from Madagascar, Thailand and Tanzania at the forefront of producing countries Sapphire.
The average person may find it difficult to distinguish between the stones of rubies and all the red spinel and Alberob Garnett and Alalmendin red tourmaline (Ribolat).

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Diamonds

 The diamond master of precious stones and the most famous and highest Highness The reason for the label to the Greek word (Odamaz) and meaning of the stone that is not predominantly because of its high hardness that link (10), according to Muhoh hardness scale consists diamonds of pure carbon by (99.95%) and enters the nitrogen with Carbon Vicsabh yellow color and when entering Porn with carbon gives the diamond blue color is extremely rare and is characterized by the diamond by a factor of high-refraction (2.417) and is the highest refractive index compared to other precious stones, and follows the diamonds Almkobei system (Cubic System) and usually crystals diamonds found in nature in the form of a hierarchical crystals eight single-faceted (Octahedron) or on a specific form of a twelve face, and India is the first source of diamonds were discovered in the mines, and then was discovered in Brazil, South Africa, Russia, Australia and Borneo.

Diamonds in Saudi Arabia:
Not found diamonds in the UK so far, this does not mean that there is no definitive but must be done intensive studies on the most geological environments that potentially they may contain diamonds Kaharat ancient sedimentary rocks because he did not take place in the former sufficient studies for deposits of diamonds, there are some people from the general public in the Kingdom of Saudi firing diamond name by mistake on some stones quartz (quartz) transparent, especially those that are located within the dunes Hafr Al-Batin and Zulfi and Al-Kharj region.

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Metal Mlakit

Mlakit is a metal mounted water copper carbonate [4], the type of minerals from the category of carbonate minerals formCu2CO3 (OH) [5].

§tfesel
Derived from the Greek word meaning green, because the existence of the green to the permeation of copper in crystals.
Bright green color is caused by a distinguished presence in the vicinity of almost deposition of copper, malachite and acts as a guide to the presence of copper ore in the area. Glitter malachite glass or silk or dark, and Gakth light green brocaded and broken, and cruelty 4 and qualitative weight 4, and his regime mono crystalline Almild.
Polished raw malachite way oval shape, which shows the beauty of crystals, extracted malachite often from inside the copper mines in the form of sharp crystals does not exceed a few centimeters in length, width of a few millimeters, or in the form of a small component blocks of very fine fibers, and according to different concentrations of these fibers, contrasting green color becomes dark or opening.
There malachite in Zaire, Zambia and Zimbabwe, Africa, Russia, Wales, Europe and Australia.
Using malachite Khjarh ornamental and stone cream and made him bracelets, contracts and rings and clamps, preferably gems makers frames of silver wire placed around the headstones, malachite, to give them more beauty, as well as small statues and flower pots and cans ornaments, as well as use it to decorate palaces, private palaces Russia's tsars, has been used as the ancient painters powder malachite green as a color in their paintings, and is available and widespread than Alozoraat which is commonly found with him.

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Despondency

Onyx (onyx) (onyx in literal translations) (Latin: Onyx) stone gems. A stone scratchy (clip) many colors, with white intersects with the
olors yellow, red and black, so there is often a rectangular shape, which is similar to Onyx in terms of composition. Of names: Onyx - Sardonyx - Garnet kind - alarmed Dhofar. Alarmed and called the act alarmed any fear and horror Recalling that this stone raises fear in the heart of stamped or shown by. Powder Onyx (onyx) is used in the sapphire stone JLo and improve its color.
§omcn presence [edit]
Yemen - China - India - United States - Mexico - Jordan - Thailand - Sri Lanka - South Africa - New Zealand - Zaire - Armenia - Egypt.

 

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Metal pyroxene

Daobsid is a mineral pyroxene a monoclinic crystal system and the chemical formula MgCaSi2O6. It is a series of full solid solution with

Alheidenbrgaat and Alawgait and make up the chemical formula (FeCaSi2O6) and is a partial solution with pyroxene quadrilateral.

Form

Aldeobsid formed in several different colors, but a record is usually composed of opaque color green crystals in the monoclinic crystal system. It features a two schisms prismatic clear Typically in 87 and 93 ° in pyroxene series.

§_khasaús physical

Aldeobsid got to 6 in the Mohs scale of hardness. [4], but for the quality of the density stands at 3.25 until 3.55. And

Aldeobsid transparent to translucent stone with a refractive index of nα == 1,663-1,699, nβ = 1,671-1,705, and nγ == 1,693-1,728. Visual angle of 58 degrees to 63 degrees.

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Obsidian (cameo)

Obsidian (Aloobsidian in literal translations) (in English: Obsidian) stone gems. It is a volcanic stone comes from the black lava

stones rich silicic acid (Silicic acid), shapeless any non-crystalline, and lacks any internal atomic structure of regular or external form regularly. There is the nature of stone raw surface is uneven or in the form of cracks form Oyster contains silicon. Sometimes contain impurities granted brighter metallic colors of the rainbow. As they appear in the inside sometimes small spots resembling snowflakes so named this form of stone (b (Aloobsidian snow Appearance)).

Of names: obsidian - similarities (Persian label) - volcanic glass - black volcanic stone - stone black glass - stone Alabash.

Use the ancient Arabs obsidian stone powder after burning and washed in order to Akthal this powder to remove the mist from the eye and increase the degree of visual acuity. And now used this stone in the mirrors and pots, beads, rings, jewelery, masks and weapons industry also made him knives, daggers and the heads of spears and sharp blades of cutting parts of this stone. The United States, Mexico, Guatemala, Ecuador and Russia, the most important sources of jewelry made of obsidian stone.

And obsidian, a volcanic glass arises naturally, smooth and stiff material becomes more acute when the break of the scalpel surgery makes it very raw material required for the manufacture of stone tools throughout most of human history. In fact, tools made of obsidian has been used throughout the ancient Middle East for a thousand years after the introduction of metals and obsidian blades are still used even today Kmbada surgery in specialized medical procedures. [1]

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Makeup Brass

Brass or scratch any alloy of copper and zinc. And can vary Nspthma to give a range of different alloys properties [1]. Bronze, comparing the

brass is copper alloy with tin [2]. But some people, with this difference, called a brass bronze name, and vice versa [3]. Zero is used in the decoration because of the shiny golden appearance, and in applications that include some slight friction, such as locks, gears, and Midhrjat, doorknobs, ammunition, and valves. It also is used in plumbing and electrical applications, and is used extensively in musical instruments such as trumpet, bells and because acoustic properties. As used in fasteners. Because the brass softer than other metals in general, it is often in places where the incidence of Sharar avoids the result of friction is used, as in the equipment surrounding gas Almtfj

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